Master Plant Descriptions

PLANT DATABASE This information is for everyone to use to promote dissemination of what we believe to be correct.
We do not grow everything on these lists all of the time but are providing information often difficult to find.
If there are any errors, please email the webmaster at the bottom of the page so that we can correct it for everyone. For the most updated plant information, go to Plantis. Information on these pages in not regularly updated.

Mountain Man will show you scales of plants denotes plants usually in production

Indian Mallow If you enjoy touching your plants, you will love Abutilon palmeri! This herbaceous shrub has soft, velvety, heart-shaped leaves that beg to be caressed. Plant it next to a patio where you can enjoy its soft texture. If ample water is available, Indian mallow can reach a size of 6 feet tall by 4 feet wide. However, a more common size is about 3 to 4 feet tall and wide. This versatile shrub can be used in full sun and reflected heat exposures, as well as in part shade. Under shady conditions it tends to have an open, sprawling growth habit, while it stays dense and rounded in full sun. Indian mallow blooms on and off throughout the warm months with small, cup-shaped, apricot-colored blossoms. It will experience some foliage and stem damage when temperatures drop into the low 20's F. It can be cut back hard in early spring to remove damaged foliage. Indian mallow is native to dry, east facing slopes mainly below 2,500' in the low deserts of California and Arizona.

Abyssinia Acacia is a semi-evergreen tree with an open canopy offering light shade. Growth is slow to moderate to about 25' tall and wide. The winter deciduous tree has lacy feathery leaves. Flowers appear as white puff balls about 1/2" in diameter in spring thru summer and are followed by large brown pods. It is native to Eastern and Southern Africa. Moderate to low water is needed. The tree can be a bit messy with the large seed pods. The tree will lose its leaves in the high 20s.

Mulga A relatively slow to moderate growing erect graceful tree with an open crown and low water requirements. This Australian native needs only monthly water when established, and actually performs better if it does not have overly wet soils. Narrow linear, leaf-like evergreen phyllodia are leathery and somewhat variable in color from silver to green and contrast with the reddish-brown branches. Tiny rod-shaped yellow flowers 3-4 times a year from early spring to late fall are followed by flat oblong 1" long seedpods. The outline of the tree is variable from upright to globular. Mature size is about 20' tall and 15' wide. This tree is thornless.

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Guajillo An open, spreading shrub growing to 12 feet tall and across. Native to the dry limestone hills of South Texas and Mexico at elevations of 1-3000' it slowly develops into a large shrub or small usually multi-trunked tree with a broad form. Delicate, fern-like foliage is deep green, about 4 inches long and divided into many leaflets, giving the plant a lush appearance. Typically, leaves are deciduous, although they may be evergreen in mild winters. There are small, straight prickles along the stems, but are hardly noticeable with bare hands. Masses of creamy white, ball-like fragrant flower clusters appear in the spring, followed by hard, woody seed pods in the summer. It thrives in full sun and is considered quite xeric but requires good drainage. It is a good substitute for Lysiloma as it is more cold and drought tolerant, capable of surviving on 6" of rainfall.

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White thorn Acacia This fairly slow growing deciduous plant can vary in size from a moderate shrub to a small tree depending upon the site and available moisture. Typically it has slow growth to waist height forming dense thickets. Some specimens may reach 10' x 15' with ample moisture. The foliage is a ferny medium green. Whitethorn acacia is normally prominent white thorns in youth but eventually they disappear while some plants are not spiny at all. Acacia constricta is tolerant of shallow, alkaline or caliche soils. Yellow fragrant puffball flowers in spring could continue through summer followed by brown, curved bean-like pods favored by quail. It is native to the washes and rocky hills of Arizona, Texas and Nevada at elevations of 1500 - 6500'. Although not winter attractive, it is considered very drought, heat & cold tolerant. Quail love the seeds and bees are attracted to the flowers. Naturally it will form a thicket.

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Leatherleaf Acacia This evergreen shrub from Australia has round, thick, leathery full gray-green leaf-like 1/2" phyllodes, hence the name Leatherleaf acacia. It is an erect, compact shrub slowly growing to 10 – 15 feet tall and wide, somewhat resembling a large boxwood. The bright yellow catkin-like flowers appear spring through summer followed by large flattened seedpods. Plants do best in full sun to part shade. Requires moderate irrigation until established. It will often turn a tan color in cold weather.

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Knife Edge Acacia An evergreen shrub usually multi-stemmed from Australia growing to 10 foot by 10 foot. It produces yellow flower balls in March at the branch tips. It has not proven very adaptable in the low desert of Phoenix where something like Acacia craspedocarpa will prove better. Leaves are knife-shaped and blue-gray.

Camel Thorn Also known as Acacia Giraffe, this small tree is native to South Africa. It should be planted in full sun. As it is slow growing, it will eventually become a large shrub or small tree perhaps to 20 feet by 35 feet across. Noting the size, you might surmise the tree forms a flat-topped canopy that is often depicted in images of South African deserts. The wide spreading branches cast considerable shade in the hot desert. The slow growth creates very hard wood prized as a source of fuel in the native land. The prominent thorns are formed in pairs and as a result, the placement of this tree requires some consideration.

Sweet Acacia In the spring, sweet acacia lives up to its common name by perfuming the air with masses of fragrant yellow-orange puffball flowers. This tree is extremely tough, and will grow in almost any situation, from hot parking lots to turf areas. Its moderate size (to 25 feet tall and wide), fast growth rate, and attractive vase-shaped form make it a popular choice for desert landscapes. However, be aware that this tree is quite messy, and requires some maintenance. Sweet acacia really wants to be a big bush, producing many thorny suckers at the base. Removal of these suckers, as well as selective pruning, is required to develop an upright tree form. Sweet acacia should be kept away from swimming pools, as its plump, dark brown seed pods can create quite a bit of litter. Although sweet acacia is cold hardy to 10° F, it sheds some of its foliage in the winter. Fragrant, golden yellow, puffball-like flowers appear in late winter and through the spring. Flowers are followed by short, dark brown, woody pods. The pods contain many seeds that sprout readily with extra moisture. These volunteers can become weedy in certain situations. The branches have 1 inch long white thorns that can be a nuisance when pruning.

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Catclaw Acacia is a woody perennial with slow to moderate growth developing into a large shrub or small tree up to 15’ by 20’. Typically it forms low growing, dense thickets, the branches often appearing twisted and tangled covered with thorny, curved thorns. Hence the secondary name of “wait-a-minute-bush”. Note that it is not considered a patio tree, but more of a wildlife resource. The leaves are doubly pinnate, feathery and gray green. Rod shaped, cream color flowers occur in abundance in the spring provided there has been ample winter rain. The fragrant flowers are highly attractive to bees that swarm the acacia in great numbers. The honey produced is highly prized. The bean-like pods are a favorite of quail. Native to much of the southwest, this tough drought tolerant plant is typically found in areas under 5000 feet in elevation on alkaline rocky hillsides and sandy desert flats.

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Previously sold as Acacia latifolia, this fast growing evergreen shrub to small tree will grow to 20' tall and equally as wide. It can be used successfully as a screen. Flower heads are narrow, tubular, bright yellow, appearing in winter and are fragrant. It is used for its fast growth and screening possibilities rather than for its bloom. It does need room though and is not very well adapted for Phoenix. It is not long-lived perhaps 20 years.

A slow to moderate to fast growing large evergreen shrub that may reach an eventual size of about 12' tall and wide. As with all Australian Acacia species, this plant is not thorny. It has slender gray green leaves. The plant produces multitudes of yellow puffball flowers from late winter to early spring. This is a plant that can be trimmed to form a small tree. Native to Australia.

Weeping Acacia This Australian native usually develops into a small evergreen tree with a rounded crown with drooping pendulous branches that may eventually grow to the ground. This tree has a very distinctive and quite variable shape. The narrow lance-shaped leaves are blue gray. The lemon-yellow puffball flowers appear from April to May. It may prove interesting as an espalier. It is a slow to moderate grower in the Phoenix area, although it may eventually reach about 40' tall by 25' wide. It is not fond of over watering which may lead to problems with breakage in heavy wind and proneness to Texas Root Rot. It should not be over watered as chlorosis or yellowing of the foliage may be the result.

Fernleaf Acacia This acacia is not a new plant to the industry as we have grown it off and on over the years, and there are some large specimens thriving in downtown Phoenix. The main drawback to this semi-evergreen tree is its susceptibility to frost. However, it does well in hot, reflected heat exposures in the Phoenix area, and would also be a great choice for Yuma and the Palm Springs area. Eventually this tree will produce a dense crown, growing to about 25 feet tall and equally as wide. The large medium-green leaves (6-7 inches long by 1 ½ inches wide) are made up of tiny leaflets, lending a ferny appearance to the foliage. A pair of small thorns occurs at the base of each leaf. As this tree ages, the brown-gray bark becomes fissured. Acacia pennatula is native to subtropical Mexico, where it grows on the hillsides.

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Native to inland areas of Western Australia, this evergreen groundcover is used extensively in southern California and Arizona right-of-way landscapes. A single plant can spread to 12 feet, making it an economical choice for large planting areas. Instead of true leaves, Acacia redolens has thick, leathery, gray-green phyllodes. It blooms in the spring with small yellow puffball flowers. Prostrate acacia is adaptable to alkaline and slightly saline soils, and is hardy to 12-15° F. In coastal areas it grows with little or no irrigation, but requires summer irrigation in the low deserts. Seedlings of Acacia redolens vary widely in their growth habits, with plants often reaching heights in excess of six feet. Desert Carpet™ is a cutting-grown clone, trademarked by Mountain States Wholesale Nursery, which maintains a height of only 24 inches. Hardy to 15°F. USDA Zone 8.

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Needle Wattle A large spreading shrub that can reach about 10' tall and wide. The gray-green needle-like foliage is comprised of 3" long, very narrow phyllodes, creating a very wispy appearance. Yellow short,rod-shaped flowers are produced in the spring. This Australian native is primarily used for its fine foliage.

Blackbrush Acacia is a slow to moderately fast growing semi-evergreen that may attain small tree status, eventually reaching 12 feet by 12 feet. The small compound leaves are glossy and dark green. The bark is light gray with extremely thorny branches. Yellow fragrant, rod shaped flowers are formed in spring providing quite the show. It is considered tolerant of heat and wind requiring little additional moisture even in the low desert. Surprisingly it will grow as a lawn tree. It is not too picky about soil types but prefers good drainage. A native of the Chihuahuan desert of south and east Texas on limestone hills at elevations between 1100 and 1800'.

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Willow Acacia Yet another evergreen Australian native with gray-green foliage and a drooping growth habit. It may reach a mature size of about 40' tall by 20' wide. The flowers are fragrant, creamy white puffballs that may appear anytime during the year. Frequently this tree is irrigated too often and shallowly resulting in rapid growth, poor rooting and loss to high winds. To be successful it requires deep well drained soil and good water management to create a strong anchoring root system. Pruning to thin the canopy reduces wind resistance.

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Weeping Wattle This evergreen Australian tree grows quickly to 25' tall and as wide. The narrow leaf-like phyllodes are blue-green, sickle-shaped to 8" long. This foliage often has a distinctly glaucous (bluish) cast, especially in youth. The habit is rounded & somewhat weeping, with flowers that are dark golden-yellow, almost orange, produced heavily in late winter. Acacia saligna is deep rooted and excellent for use in erosion control and as a quick low growing windbreak. It is quite drought tolerant when established and is quite at home in full sun or part shade. It also tolerates wet, heavy soil. Prune gradually to avoid producing heavy sucker growth.

Twisted Acacia An attractive tree that is considered a little frost tender in Phoenix but thrives in hot, exposed situations eventually forming a dense crown. The branches tend to be twisted producing a low-branched tree with a snakelike appearance. This habit requires some diligence to produce a typical tree form. It has a moderate growth rate 15' x 20'. The finely divided compound leaves are made up of many small leaflets giving the tree a ferny appearance. A pair of thorns is found at the base of each leaf. Yellow puffball flowers in spring are followed by dark brown seedpods. Twisted acacia is native to the hillsides of subtropical Mexico. Prefers well-drained soils.

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Shoestring Acacia A medium-sized fast growing tree with an upright main trunk and spreading to weeping branches. This tough evergreen tree has the potential to reach a size of 40-50 feet tall by 30 feet wide, although it can take many years to grow that large. The unusual grayish phyllodes are less than 1/4" wide but often over 18" long appearing much like a shoestring hanging down from the branches. The showy creamy white flowers are borne in small globular clusters along the stems in late winter continuing through spring. Thin, woody seed pods may develop after flowering, but they do not create an unreasonable amount of litter. It tolerates heavy and wet soils, although it is very drought tolerant when established. It is reported to be somewhat prone to developing Texas Root Rot and has a tendency to form weak V crotch branches. This Australian native looks great in groves and is a favorite around pools.

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Palo Blanco Acacia willardiana is a small, open, very graceful tree. Airy and delicate, this small tree is perfect for tucking into planters and courtyards. The common name translates into "White Stick", describing its unique peeling white bark. It can grow to 20 feet tall and spread to 15 feet across. The canopy is open and provides very light shade. Palo Blanco has one or more trunks that grow upright, while its smaller branches grow out and droop down, giving the tree a weeping appearance. The leaves are reduced down to the elongated petioles with small leaflets at the tips. The bark of larger branches and the main trunk peels away to reveal white inner bark. Spikes of creamy white-yellow flowers resembling fuzzy cream-colored caterpillars appear in late spring. Plant palo blanco in full sun, in an area where it can grow comfortably to 18-20 feet tall by 10 feet wide. It should require little, if any, pruning or maintenance. Try silhouetting it against a colored wall to show off the interesting bark and wispy foliage.

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Wright Acacia This semi-evergreen shrub or small tree will eventually reach 25' tall and wide. the gray branches contain catclaw-like spines in pairs. In fact, the gray green compound leaves resemble those of the Acacia greggii, except larger. The fragrant creamy white flower spikes appear from March through June. Native in arroyos and canyons on dry rocky limestone soils west Texas and northeastern Mexico Wright's acacia prefers full sun and well-drained sites. It is very drought tolerant and of most soil types. As with most acacias, this plant is a good bee attractor. It is considered the most cold hardy of our acacias and is relatively free of insects and diseases.

Cardinal Flower Raspberry Fuzzies™ is a fast-growing, perennial groundcover to about 6 inches tall by 1 foot wide. Pink-red blossoms are produced from April through November. It is a very adaptable groundcover, tolerating poor soils, full sun, heat and moderate cold. It is native to Texas and to northern Mexico and is commonly known in these areas as Cardinal Feather. Its striking copper colored foliage also provides a truly unique touch to the landscape. After the first fall frost, it can be cut to the ground and old stems removed for a more attractive winter appearance. With Spring warmth, regrowth is fast. Will not appreciate poor drainage especially in winter.

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Bear's Breech Large spineless leaves are dark glossy green to nearly 2' in length. Bloom stalks can rise to 5' with pink flowers. European native. Will go dormant if exposed to hot dry conditions during the summer then to return in fall with moisture and cooler weather. Best in partial shade in the low desert.

Bigtooth Maple is an outstanding slow-growing Rocky Mountain native. It is a small tree or shrub, with 3-5 lobed dark green leaves turning shades of yellow, orange to red in the fall. It can reach an eventual size of about 50' tall by 35' wide, although it will stay smaller in dry conditions. It is tolerant of both dry and alkaline soils but very slow to re-establish itself when moved bare root or B&B, taking 5-7 years. Container transplants are the best bet. It is the only good maple for North Texas with good soil.

Indian Rice Grass A southwest native grass that forms clumps to 2' tall. The very narrow 8" long leaves are green in winter turning brown with heat. Obviously this is a cool-season grass that goes dormant in summer. Fluffy open seed heads contain edible seeds and are persistent on the plant. It is native over a large range from British Columbia into Mexico. It prefers well-drained or sandy soils. This grass plant was native to the continent before the introduction of cattle and unfortunately is rapidly disappearing from natural areas as it suffers from habitat destruction from overgrazing. A useful plant for erosion control it is considered very drought tolerant and dislikes excess moisture.

A slow to moderately growing palm. The trunks are slender and covered with fibers and persistent leaf bases. Leaves are 2-3' across often silvery beneath. Prefers fertile soil and adapted to wet locations but is also xeric. Tolerant of alkaline soil.

Desert Rose A native of Africa which does very well in the low desert in containers. It will not tolerate cold wet soil thus seems best suited in our climate for a container. In the heat of summer, regular watering is needed or appreciated but in winter, dry soil is required. Colors and cultivars of this genus are available from white to yellow and red. It should have nearly full sun. Red spider mites might be a problem. With age, a large swollen base forms at the soil level. Could be grown anywhere in a container with winter protection.

Licorice Mint For summer color at high elevations, plant Licorice mint, and the hummingbirds and hawk moths will thank you. This long-lived perennial freezes to the ground each winter, but regrows quickly in the spring to a mound about 2 to 3 feet tall and wide. It sends up 2-foot spikes of coral flowers from the middle of summer through early fall. The narrow leaves have a licorice scent, which may explain why rabbits appear to avoid it. Plant Licorice mint in full sun to part shade exposures, well-drained soil, and provide ample water during the bloom period. To maximize the flower production, remove spent spikes as fall approaches. Native to mountainous regions of Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.

This form has a creamy yellow margin around the edge of the leaves. This agave will grow 6-10' tall by up to 13' wide. Native to Mexico. Very open growth habit, leaves recurve along their length.

This plant has been around for a long time, but it hasn't been widely available. In fact, quantities are still somewhat limited, so be sure to check availability if you plan to use large numbers. This selection of Agave americana has a wide cream-colored stripe down the center of the blue-green leaves. The leaves have a wonderful arching form, similar to that of Octopus agave (Agave vilmoriniana). The leaves are armed with a stout terminal spine, and have teeth along the margins. This selection seems to be smaller in stature than the regular Agave americana, to about 4 feet tall and wide. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, and performs well in containers. As with nearly all agaves, blooming signals the end of the plant's life cycle. However, this variety produces pups (offsets) to keep the population going.

This subspecies of Agave americana differs from the type species in its variability in form and color of leaves. This is another one of the larger agaves with leaves to 4' in length. It is fast growing to about 6-10' x 8-13' wide. The wide, gray leaves have stiff terminal spines and recurved teeth on the margins. It prefers full sun and a well drained site. It also is prone to the agave snout weevil which will eat the roots and heart out.

Century Plant This granddaddy of agaves certainly makes a statement! In fact, this giant has probably scared off more people from planting agaves than any other species. It is relatively fast growing, to about 6 feet tall by 8-10 feet wide. The wide, gray leaves have stiff terminal spines and recurved teeth along the margins. Century plant prefers full sun exposures and well-drained soils, but is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including coastal climates. It is cold hardy to 15° F. Unfortunately, it is the most popular menu item for the agave snout weevil. As with most agaves, the tall stalk of spectacular golden flowers signals the end of the mother plant’s life cycle, but this species pups freely.

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Native to tropical Costa Rica and Mexico, this light green and cream variegated agave is cold-hardy to 20° F. The stiff leaves are about 1 ½ inches wide, with creamy yellow stripes along the margins. This species forms clumps to 3-4 feet tall and wide. It tolerates full sun, reflected heat, and part shade exposures. However, in low deserts it looks best when grown in filtered shade. It can also handle more water than most agave species.

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Smaller-sized agave, grows to about 1' tall by 1 1/2' wide. Leaves are dark green and covered with filaments. Rare plant in the wild, is native only across a small range in central Arizona. Full sun, very drought tolerant.

This selection was discovered by an expedition from the Huntington Botanical Garden in Los Angeles where the picture was taken. It is distinguished from the species by its bright blue leaves. It has recently been seen in the trade offered under a new name but this is the correct name for this great cultivar. It also will suffer in the low desert from summer sun thus will also need protection as well as frost cover.

Makes a bold statement in the garden because of its tropical form. Even light frost can damage succulent leaves. Great for containers. In the low desert partial sun will be best. If it becomes top heavy, simply cut and stick in ground to root. Not a fast grower. Light green foliage. This will also die after flowering but pups around the mother will survive. Distinctive with its large rosette of leaves perched on a long curving trunk. Soil tolerant. No teeth. From Mexico Central Jalisco.

Cow's Horn Agave Cow's Horn Agave is a medium-sized, non-offsetting and fast-growing plant that grows to 3' tall and 4' wide with a rosette of medium to dark green leaves. Its leaves are lance-shaped; wider in the middle, and tapering to the tip. The leaves measure 2-2.5 feet long and 6-8 inches wide at the widest point, narrowing to a sharp terminal point. Leaf edges are clothed with highly decorative, dark brown teeth that curve both away from, and back towards the center of the plant. These two types of teeth make the leaf edges quite unusual. The 15-22 foot tall flower stalks are branched with 20-30 short side branches. Flower stalks are adorned with bright yellow and green flowers that measure about 2" long. As with most Agave species, the flower stalk signals the end of that plant's life cycle. Since full sun or reflected heat exposures can result in some sunburn on the leaves, a filtered shade exposure is ideal. It makes a stunning container plant!

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Spider Agave This is one of our most attractive agaves, forming clumps of pale green, slender, recurving leaves. Individual plants grow to 1-2' tall and wide and sometimes are clump forming. Unarmed leaves make it a good plant for containers. Full sun or light shade. Slender recurving medium-green leaves form a spider. Flowers are white similar to an aloe. This agave is one of very few that does not die after flowering. In coastal areas, it is a consistent bloomer with the bloom spike 3' of densely packed cream colored flowers. Adaptable to deep shade or full sun, in the low desert, light shade is preferable. It is also more moisture tolerant than others if good drainage is present. Native on limestone ledges.

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Agave celsii forms individual rosettes to 2 feet tall and wide. The leaves are very fleshy and can range from bright green to blue-gray. It produces offsets and can form extensive colonies. Agave celsii is native to eastern Mexico across the states of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas and Hidalgo. This agave needs partial shade in the low desert, but can handle full sun in cooler climates. Agave celsii is an excellent choice for shady areas or interplanted with soft, low succulents. It is considered frost tender and will benefit from overhead protection during frost. Cold hardiness information is limited; although it has reportedly withstood temperatures to 12ºF in eastern Texas

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One of the medium sized agaves growing to about 2' in height. It will naturally form dense clumps. It is closely related to the species. Natives once collected and roasted this plant for food.

A striking medium sized agave 1.5-3' x 2.5-6' wide mostly seen as a single plant. It is endemic in central Arizona on granitic and volcanic slopes 3-6000'. The flowers are golden-yellow in color. It will withstand full sun and reflected heat with relatively little maintenance. It needs protection from the agave snout weevil. It rarely forms offsets. It is similar to palmeri but palmeri has red tinged flowers, leaves more glaucous and has larger teeth.

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Mescal Cenizo Agave colorata is a small to medium-sized plant, growing to 4 feet high and 4 feet wide. Its powder blue-gray leaves are relatively short and broad, measuring 1.5 - 2.5 feet long and 7 inches wide at the widest point. The leaves have impressions on both sides from the teeth and terminal spine of the leaves both above and below. The leaf edges are adorned with dark brown teeth and a 2 inch long terminal spine. A 10 foot tall panicle with yellow flowers appears in late spring and early summer. The flowering stalk signals the end of that plant’s life cycle, although Agave colorata does produce offsets that will continue to grow after the flowering plant has died. There are two forms of Agave colorata in cultivation. One is smaller, about 2.5 feet high and 2.5 feet wide. Its individual leaves are nearly spoon shaped, 1.5 feet long and very broad towards the end. The other form is larger, growing to 4 feet high and 4 feet wide. Its leaves are more sword shaped, measuring 2.5 feet long and not noticeably wider anywhere along their length. If possible, look for the form with shorter, spoon shaped leaves, as it is the most compact and attractive. The flowers will attract hummingbirds, but the plants may take about 15 years to flower. Native to Sonora, Mexico, this plant is reliably cold hardy to 15° F. It has a slow to moderate growth rate, and thrives in full sun and reflected heat exposures. It also works in coastal areas, provided that drainage is excellent.

One of the larger sized agaves reaching about 5-6' tall and wide. Native to southern Baja California, this plant is well adapted to the low desert as long as no serious frost is incurred. Leaves are medium to light green, fairly narrow, and armed with heavy teeth. Full sun is best, although light shade is OK in the low desert. Drought tolerant but does need a well-drained soil.

Medium-sized agave to 2' X 2'. Individual leaves are 1 1/2' in length. Plant does die after flowering. This plant is thought to be somewhat susceptible to agave weevil damage. Small clumping gray leaved plant. Can form large colonies sometimes to 10'. Very heat and drought tolerant. Native in Western Arizona and Eastern California on gravelly slopes 1300-4000'. Yellow flowers on 12' spike May to July. It is one of the most edible of the agaves and was roasted by native Americans.

This differs from the species in that it has a narrow band of yellow along the leaf margins. The plants at Mountain States are still variable, not two are exactly alike in their variegation. Fast growing it resembles Octopus Agave but smaller to 3' tall and wide. The soft fleshy leaves are light green with generally smooth edges and a stout terminal spine with a creamy stripe on the margin. It is happiest in filtered sun but on the coast full sun is fine and does need a well drained soil. It is great in containers. It does die upon blooming but produces an abundance of pups at the base

Fast growing it resembles Octopus Agave but smaller to 3' tall and 6' wide. Soft fleshy leaves are light green with generally smooth edges and a stout terminal spine. It will tolerate full sun and reflected heat but is happier in filtered sun. On the coast full sun is fine. Needs well drained soil, Great in containers. Dies upon blooming. Produces an abundance of pups. There have been no known sightings of this in the wild but it has been in cultivation for centuries.

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This will form a huge widely spreading and suckering plant up to 10 in height by 15' in width. The leaves are bright glaucous gray or bluish and can be recurved reaching to 6' in length and a foot wide. It is quite handsome. Its origin is unknown but has become popular even with its size. When it does flower, the spike can be over 30' tall with yellow flowers in late summer. It should be grown in full sun to partial sun.

Twin Flowered Agave Agave geminiflora is a single, short-stemmed plant that forms a dense, symmetrical rosette of narrow, dark green leaves to about 3' tall and wide. The long, skinny leaves measure 2 feet long and 3/8 inch across. They are toothless along the margin; however, may have fine, white marginal fibers. Because plants are seed grown, there is variation in the amount of fibers along the leaf edge. Some plants may have none at all. The name geminiflora is derived from the fact that there are two flowers at each bract along the spike. Flowers are greenish near the base, flushed with red or purple above. As with most Agave species, this plant blooms once and dies. Because it is a solitary (non-offsetting) type, it would need to be replaced after flowering. Twin Flowered Agave has amazing versatility, tolerating exposures ranging from full sun and reflected heat to full shade. In full sun, the leaves are stiff and straight, and the terminal spines can be a hazard. In shady exposures the leaves relax to form a softer silhouette. At the end of its life cycle, which averages about 10 years in cultivation, this plant will send up a spectacular 15 to 18 foot tall flower spike. Twin-flowered agave should be planted in well-drained soil, and receive minimal irrigation. Although it suffers frost damage at 20° F, gardeners in colder climates can plant Agave geminiflora in portable containers and move them indoors when temperatures plummet. USDA Zone 9.

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Medium-sized, open rosette of white-green leaves growing to 3' tall by 4' wide. Wide leaves are smooth and blue-gray. Great container plant, needs protection from temperatures much lower than 30°F to avoid foliage damage. Native to Oaxaca, Mexico.

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This small agave is native to rocky grasslands in west Texas and northern Mexico, at elevations of 4000 to 6000 feet. The stout gray leaves are armed with marginal teeth and a sharp terminal spine. Single plants can reach a size of 3 feet tall by 4 feet wide, and occasionally produce offsets. It is quite cold hardy to -10° F, and prefers full sun exposures at higher elevations. In the low deserts some light shade is beneficial.

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Shin Digger A small green to light green species. Lightly-toothed on upright sharp-tipped leaves with downward slanting teeth. Will form large colonies. Also dies upon flowering but forms large clumps. Can be invasive and not very refined looking. Considered an indicator plant for the Chihuahuan desert. Has one of the largest ranges occurring on rocky limestone slopes 2-6500'. Flower spike in late spring of purplish or yellow flowers.

Center Stripe Agave This agave forms irregular colonies of small succulent plants that grow to about 2' tall by 3' wide. They have a slow to moderate growth rate depending on culture. Stiff, glossy sword-like dark green to light green leaves with a light stripe down the center form rosettes. The leaves flattened and somewhat sword-like have sharp spines on margins and tip. The flower spike is un-branched, reaching 12’ with greenish-yellow flowers. The thorn-crested agave is native to south Texas south into eastern Mexico. It prefers well-drained soils, full sun to partial shade.

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A medium sized agave growing to about 2' tall and wide. The leaves are linear and about 1" wide by a foot or so in length. The color is gray-blue. It is a Mexican species and in the low desert will benefit from some shade. It makes a good container plant and will offset to form a nice colony.

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Another of the large growing agaves this to nearly 8' and growing twice as wide forming an open rosette. Individual leaves can reach to 8' and are very fleshy at the base.

A smaller agave with few leaves to about 2' in height native in western Arizona from 3-6000'.

Mountain Agave This medium-sized agave reaches a mature size of 4' tall by 5' wide. Leaves are glossy apple green to light green, with large teeth and a terminal spine. This Mexican native is very tolerant of cold, heat, drought , and poor soils. Can be planted in full sun, although partial shade is best in the low desert. Native at 9000' on the highest peaks in NE Mexico. Huge gray green artichoke like plants. Highly toothed leaf margins leave distinctive prints.

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Chahuiqui A wonderful agave that forms a dense rosette comprised of numerous leaves that may reach 3’ tall by 5’ wide. The leaf margins have prominent filaments giving the plant a striking appearance. Older plants form a modest trunk. Native to the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Durango and Sinaloa, Agave multifilifera is typically found at elevations of 4500- 6500 feet. The flower spike may reach 16’ containing greenish flowers with pinkish margins.

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This is a medium-sized agave to about 3' tall and wide. The blue-green to gray-green leaves show striking bud imprints of the surrounding leaves. This agave tolerates extreme heat and full sun with minimal supplemental irrigation. This form was domesticated by Native Americans for the sugary heart at blooming. Similar to Agave americana but with smaller scale. Pups will fill in after parent dies.

A smaller species around 1 1/2' tall x 2' wide with many offsets. Leaves slender & blue green to gray. Flower spikes can be around 10'. Native SE New Mexico into W Texas on rocky limestone slopes 1400-7000' and is quite ornamental. Part sun & drainage. Will need some additional moisture in heat of summer. Very cold hardy. To distinguish it from parryi, it will have narrower leaves. Suckers freely to form large clumps of flat top rosettes. Spring spikes are reddish then yellow.

The name for this species comes from the dark reddish color of the flowers compared to the yellow of many of the genus. It is native to eastern Mexico and is a small vigorous species clumping to form rosettes of dark green and succulent leaves. The margins of the leaves are lined with attractive, white thorns. Its mature size is only about 2’ wide. It has been called Agave polyacantha var. jalapensis. 07 24 2005. Resistant to the Cotton Root Rot. Was known as A. polyacantha. 08/19/2004

Agave ocahui is a small to medium-sized plant that grows to 2 - 3 feet high and 3 feet wide, forming a dense ball of 150-200 leaves. Its dark green leaves are 1 foot to 1.5 feet long and up to 1 inch wide. The leaf margins are toothless and reddish brown; the terminal point is about 1 inch long and sharp, but relatively weak. Flower spikes are 10 feet to 15 feet tall, unbranched and densely crowded with yellow flowers. Once the plant flowers, it will die and needs to be replanted. This Agave does not produce offsets. It tolerates harsh, reflected heat conditions, while providing a deep green, lush appearance. It is a native of Sonora, Mexico.

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This is a smaller-sized agave to about 2' tall by 3' wide. Leaves are not unlike those Agave striata, these are narrow and round. This agave is a rare native to Sinaloa, Mexico. Full sun is best, drought tolerant, needs well-drained soil.

Agave palmeri forms compact medium-sized rosettes to 3' tall by 4' wide. In the wild it doesn’t produce offsets, but occasionally produces them in cultivation. Agave palmeri has beautiful blue-green leaves with many reddish brown teeth along the margins. The leaves are lance-shaped, about 2' long by 4'' wide, and have a strong terminal spine up to 2'' long. At the end of its life cycle Agave palmeri will send up a spectacular branched flower stalk to 10 to 18' tall with the branches in the upper one-half of the stalk. The greenish yellow flowers are clustered at the ends of the lateral branches. Flower stalks begin to appear in late spring, with full flowering occurring in mid-summer. This high-elevation agave tolerates temperatures as low as 5° F. Plant Agave palmeri in full sun and well-drained soil, and away from high traffic areas, as it’s terminal spines are wicked. As with other agaves and yuccas, this species is susceptible to the agave snout weevil. USDA Zone 7.

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This cold-hardy little agave is native to Coahuila, Mexico, at elevations from 4500 to 8000 feet. It is very similar in appearance and growth habit to the more common Agave parryi. This solitary plant forms a tight rosette 2 feet tall and wide. The stout gray leaves are edged with small teeth, and end in a sharp spine. It is cold hardy to 15° F, and tolerates full sun to part shade exposures. USDA Zone 8

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Artichoke Agave Agave parryi var. truncata is a small to medium-sized plant that offsets, forming clumps to 5 feet or more across. Individual plants vary in size from 2 feet to nearly 4 feet wide. This range depends on the amount of water applied, with heavily watered plants growing considerably larger. Plants have blue-gray or light gray leaves that are up to 1 foot long by 5 inches wide. Their leaf margins have dark brown teeth that are usually curved back towards the base of the plant. The terminal spine is about 1 inch long, dark brown and very stout. Tall, branched flower stalks grow 15 - 20 feet high. Flowers are pink or red in bud, opening to golden yellow. Although the flowering plant will die after blooming, its offsets will continue to grow. Found only along the Durango-Zacatecas border in Mexico, this agave grows in grasslands at 7500 feet in elevation, and is hardy to 10° F. Although this agave forms large colonies, individual plants will grow to about 2 feet tall and wide. Plant in full sun or light shade.

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This subspecies is smaller than regular Agave parryi. It has a leaf smaller than parryi and lies between lanceolate and truncate in form. Native in central Arizona. More cold hardy than both A. parryi truncata and huachucensis. Native in central Arizona in Coconino County from 2000-9000'. Cold hardy to 0°F. 2' x 2'

Slow to 2 x 2'. Clump forming with a dense rosette. Short gray leaves with dark thorns on the margins. This is the largest of the subspecies of parryi with leaves 2' long. Subject to Agave weevils. Native to Cochise county in Arizona from 5000-9000', is more robust, has larger leaves and broader panicles with larger flowers than the species. Primarily found in oak and pine woodlands.

Medium sized agave to larger than 3' X 3'. Most cold hardy of agaves. Native to central and southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and into Mexico from 7000' - 9000'. Leaves are light gray to blue-green, wedge-shaped and up to 1 1/2' long. Widely adaptable to soils and exposures. Susceptible to weevils. Rosettes are mid sized, compact, globous and glaucous gray to light green.

This highly prized succulent is native from Central Arizona into New Mexico and south to the states of Chihuahua, Durango and Guanajuato, Mexico. It produces larger leaves and rosettes than the subspecies Agave parryi couesii but smaller than Agave parryi huachucensis. The compact nearly round rosettes consist of gray-green lanceolate leaves 7-20 inches in length. Leaves have marginal teeth as well as a stout tooth on the tip. A plant purchased as a single specimen ultimately forms colonies of many offsets. As with most agaves, the mother plant will die upon completion of flowering.

A small species getting only about 6" tall. Leaves are less than 1/2 wide and up to 4" long and are dark green and linear. The flower spike is up to 6' in height in mid summer and will die usually after a couple of years after flowering. Native in S. Arizona and in Sonora. Full sun or part shade in the hottest desert areas. Flowers are yellow. Great for pots and small areas.

Medium sized solitary agave this agave has long and stiff leaves. Plant gets about 2' tall by 3' wide. Leaves are linear, dark green with a red/purple tint, and shiny up to 2" wide and 2' long. The flower spike can be 10' with wine red flowers in summer. It is endemic to Northwest Sonora, Mexico. It is cold hardy to 20F, grows well in full sun or part shade in the low desert. Leaves can have a reddish cast that is more pronounced with drought or old age.

Smaller-sized agave, only to about 1' tall by 2' wide. Unusual blue-gray leaves have a distinctive reddish terminal spine, and is covered with mammilate protrusions. Great plant for small spaces or containers. Native to the Mexican states of Puebla and Oaxaca at elevations from 4500 - 7500'.

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This is a large plant to 6' tall by 13' wide with characteristic urn shaped leaves that recurve. The individual leaves are about a foot wide and three feet in length. It is not as cold hardy as the species, being able to only take 25F.

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Dark blue green leaves set off by a black terminal spine. Thick triangular leaves, uniformly spaced. Leaves do not have marginal spines. Offsets freely to form small colonies. 3' x 3'

Rough-Leafed Agave Agave scabra has thick, wide, gray-green leaves that are rough on the back. The leaves are edged with recurved teeth and end in a stout terminal spine. Although there is great variation in the wild, the selection we are growing forms a rosette to 3-4 feet tall and wide, and suckers freely. It is a smaller alternative to Agave americana. Agave scabra is abundant in the Chihuahuan Desert region of northeastern Mexico, from elevations of 3600 to 5700 feet. Plants will thrive in full sun and reflected heat.

Agave schidigera Durango Delight™ is a symmetrical compact small to medium sized plant, growing to 2-3' wide by 2' tall. The dark green leaves are 1 to 1.5' long and 1'' wide at their widest point. They are decorated with white markings and thin white marginal fibers. Plants that are five to ten years old consist of 100-150 leaves which radiate uniformly from the center, giving the plants a very symmetrical shape. There are no marginal teeth on the leaves; however, the tip is very sharp and can inflict some damage. The flower stalk is 10 to 12' tall and is densely loaded with dark purple flowers. This selection of Agave schidigera is sure to become a favorite for tight planting spaces, and as a container plant. Plant Durango Delight™ in full sun or part shade exposures, and in well-drained soil. Hardy to 15° F. USDA Zone 8.

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This species can form large colonies. Leaves are 4" across and about 2' long, thick and rigid. It is native along NW Baja. It does need some protection from sun in the low desert and being it is from Baja is not very cold hardy.

Hemp Plant, Sisal or Hemp is one of the most widely produced natural fibers in the world. This agave is a major crop in Chiapas, Mexico, where it is believed to have originated. It is also a striking ornamental plant, producing bold rosettes of wide green leaves. Be sure to allow this agave plenty of room to develop. It grows quickly to 6 feet tall and wide. The leaves have no teeth, but do have a sharp spine at the tip.

This species has very narrow leaves about 1/4" and up to 2' in length. Leaves often are reddish and are not numerous. Native in NE Mexico it occurs on dry hills. Needs full sun but in the low desert light shade will help. It seems hardy to 15F.This differs from the species with wider and fewer leaves.

Very similar to striata but this tends to have many more leaves thus seeming much denser. It will form a rounded rosette of linear leaves that strongly reflex. It will also form large colonies with prostrate stems. Individual leaves are less than 1/2" wide but nearly 2' long. Native in Mexico on dry limestone. It is best in the low desert in light shade and needs little additional water.

A large growing agave to 6' with rigid upright leaves. Leaves are lanceolate, 5" wide and about 4' long and blue green to gray. It is native in Jalisco. It is frost tender and sun tender in the low desert so light shade will benefit it. It looks much like Agave angustifolia with this species often being more blue.

This is another of the agaves not forming clumps. It is native in Oaxaca and has rigid almost white leaves about 6" wide and a foot long. It is not commonly grown but would be a great addition because of its striking color.

Toumey's Agave This is not a large species only growing to about a foot. It does form large spreading colonies though. The leaves are narrow and up to a foot long. It is a central Arizona endemic from 2-4500'. It will grow in full sun even in the low desert. Forms a very attractive rosette of dark- green leaves marked randomly with white bud imprints. Its tight clumping form makes it ideal. 1' x 1'

Bright green numerous leaves on a robust plant with individual leaves to about 1 1/2' in length.

Smaller species of agave growing to about 1' tall by 1-2' wide developing compact rosettes and will form clumps if allowed to flourish. Very cold hardy. Tolerant of temperatures to 0f as well as extended periods of frost Yellow flowers on a slender stalk May thru July. Occurs on rocky slopes between 3-6000 in SW USA.

Queen Victoria Agave This small, compact plant grows to 18 inches tall and wide. The short, stout leaves are dark green with white markings. Leaves do not have teeth along the edges, but have a very sharp terminal spine. The flowers are reddish-purple, and are densely packed on an unbranched spike that can reach 15 feet. According to Gentry’s book, Agaves of Continental North America , there are at least 7 horticultural forms of Agave victoriae-reginae. These forms are quite variable, with some forming single heads, and others that offset profusely. One of the prominent forms in horticulture, called ferdinandi-regis, has longer, dark green leaves and a more open rosette. This petite agave is one of the best choices for containers or small planting areas. Queen Victoria agave is very slow growing and long-lived, taking many years to reach flowering size. Plant it in full sun and water sparingly to maintain the tightest form. This species is native to the Chihuahuan Desert, at elevations from 4000 to 5000 feet.

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Octopus Agave Octopus Agave is a medium to large plant, growing to 4 feet high by 6 feet wide. The leaves are medium green, long and narrow, and deeply channeled. The leaves undulate and twist, showing why this plant is called Octopus Agave. The leaf margins have very fine, soft serrations and a soft terminal spine. Each plant blooms once, sending up a 15 to 20 foot tall spike of golden yellow flowers. This flowering generally occurs from March to May. The flowers are followed by both seed capsules and bulbils. (Bulbils are “baby” plants that are produced along the flower spike. These can be collected and planted to replace the dead mother plant.) It handles full sun in coastal regions, and looks best if it receives some shade in low deserts.

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This is a striking medium-sized agave that can grow to 5' tall by 6-10' wide. This agave has very fine marginal teeth, and is sometimes spineless. Supplemental summer watering can prevent yellowing from heat stress in the summer. These plants are also moderately cold hardy, tolerant of temperatures down to 12f. More refined looking than americana. Prone to weevils. Native in Eastern central Mexico. One of the largest of the Agaves.

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Usually single spreading rosettes with individual leaves to nearly 3' in length. The margins of the leaves have very decorative teats along the margins of the leaves.

Dense growing vine with showy red stems and succulent bright green heart shaped leaves. Loves full sun and hot weather. In late fall, produces showy panicles of white sweetly scented flowers. 8' x 20'. Leaves and branches should be removed just before frost as they are foul smelling afterwards if not.

Very rapid growing and tolerant tree. It tends to be a weedy intruder. Was originally planted in the California foothills by the '49ers. It is not refined but does survive in adverse areas. Sun and heat tolerant and of air pollution. It is not commercially grown and is not recommended for use in the South West as it is rather invasive.

This aloe looks much like Aloe ferox except that it does not grow a trunk. It can reach about 2' tall by 3' wide at maturity. Flowers are red and yellow and produced over the winter. Foliage is blue-green but can turn red if subjected to extended periods of cold. Drought tolerant, but needs supplemental water through the summer to look best.

Medicinal Aloe A Mediterranean native, this plant is considered synonymous with Aloe vera. A slow to moderate grower, the plant gradually forms a rosette that consists of fleshy gray green leaves. The 1’ to 2’ long leaves are narrow, succulent and erect with soft spines on margins. The flowers are spikes of yellow to 2-3' tall that occur late winter to summer. As the plants mature they are capable of forming large clumps. The sap is often used for burns and abrasions, hence the common name. This aloe will tolerate full to partial shade, but requires a gradual change from shade to sun. Good drainage is essential. It will require some supplemental water in the heat of the summer. Medicinal aloe is a great hummingbird attractor.

This colony-forming aloe consists of individual plants growing to about 2' tall and equally as wide. Each plants produces abundant offsets known as pups. The leaves are light green, fairly narrow, and with a row of teeth on each margin. The orange-yellow flowers are formed on branched stalks early in the spring. Aloe camperi will tolerate full sun to afternoon shade and is considered quite drought tolerant.

A medium-sized aloe, this can grow to about 3' tall and wide. Red flowers are produced in the winter, orange and yellow flowering varieties are also in cultivation. Native to South Africa, this aloe needs cold protection in all but the most mild climates. Full sun, needs extra water through the summer.

A South African native that grows to about 4' tall and as wide. The large leaves are light green to glaucous green and quite fleshy. Red to yellow bloom spikes appear from January into March. This aloe will tolerate full sun to light shade and is quite drought tolerant. This aloe is not prone to producing offsets. As the name implies, the trunk is hidden and basically this aloe remains trunk less. Hardy to 28 ºF. USDA Zone 9.

Dawe's Aloe For fiery winter color, you can rely on Aloe dawei. January and February are the peak color months for this succulent. This native of Uganda sends up branched spikes crowned with clusters of intense orange-red tubular flowers, which are irresistible to hummingbirds. This aloe grows at a moderate rate to form clumps to 3-4 feet tall and wide. Bi-monthly irrigations will keep it looking lush and accelerate the growth rate. However, water sparingly in the winter months, or damping off might occur. The long, narrow, bright green leaves are edged with small teeth. Plant Aloe dawei in full sun to part shade, and in well-drained soil. Avoid placing it in reflected heat exposures.

Kokerbom One of the largest aloes, Kokerbom can reach up to 30' tall by 20' wide. This species will form a large trunk, and will branch out higher up on the trunk. leaves are only about 12" long, and are a striking blue green color. Yellow blooms appear from January to March. South African native that can handle full sun to partial shade. This aloe requires good drainage, and the trunk needs covering if sustained temperatures below 25f are expected.

Jeweled Aloe is a low-growing, clump forming aloe. Individual rosettes reach about 5" tall and wide, but clumps can form by horizontal stems. Orange flowers are produced during the summer. Plants grow most in winter, fare best if given less water in the summer. Full sun, light shade is best in low desert.

Vahotsoy is an upright growing aloe, reaching about 8' tall by about 3-4' wide. Growth rate is moderate and open in nature. Red flowers are produced in the spring. Native to Madagascar. More research needs to be done for cold tolerance but seems to be hardy to 25-30f before serious damage occurs.

Aloe falcata is a medium-sized, clump forming aloe with individual rosettes reaching about 2' tall and wide. Red flowers are produced in early summer. Grows primarily in winter and is better if kept a little moist at this time. This South African native grows best with a little afternoon shade.

Cape aloe makes a bold statement in any garden. A dense, 2-3 foot clump of muted green leaves is borne on a tall trunk, which can eventually reach a height of 12 feet. The thick, wide, fleshy leaves are edged with prominent reddish-brown teeth. As the plant ages, dried leaves persist on the trunk. These brown leaves offer protection from sunburn, but are sometimes removed for a neater appearance. In the late winter to early spring, an imposing 3-foot-tall candelabra flower spike emerges, bearing long spikes of intense orange-red tubular flowers. Cape aloe can be planted in full sun to part shade, but suffers in reflected heat exposures in the low deserts. Plant in well-drained soil, and provide monthly irrigations.

Bitteraalwyn is a medium-sized, sometimes clump forming aloe whose individual rosettes can reach about 3' tall by 4' wide. Native to South Africa, this aloe grows most in the winter, when native rainfall is available. Red-orange flowers are produced in early summer. Full sun, drought tolerant

Blue Aloe is a low, clump-forming aloe with individual rosettes to about 2' tall by 3' wide. Leaves are about 1 1/2' long, blue-gray, and armed with stout thorns. Red-orange flowers are produced in late winter to early spring. Full sun, but light shade is best in low desert. Low water use, best to keep dry during summer.

This aloe is a South African native that forms clumps with individual rosettes growing to 1-2' tall by 2-3' wide. Leaves are yellow green, and fairly narrow for an aloe. Pink flowers are produced in the fall. Full sun, drought tolerant. Supplemental irrigation is beneficial in the summer. Needs protection from frost even in the low desert.

This aloe is a solitary grower, forming a rosette to about 2' tall and wide. Leaves are a light gray-green, and often recurve. Blooms are produced in winter, and can range in color from red to yellow. Full sun is best, except in the low desert where light shade is beneficial. Needs good drainage, low water use. Frost protection is necessary, even in Phoenix.

This Aloe forms medium-sized clumps to about 2-3' tall by 3' wide. Leaves are blue-gray, broad, and fleshy often recurving along its length. Flowers are red-pink to orange, and appear January through March. Plants can grow as clumps, but naturally grow as solitary plants. Tolerant of poor soils, as long as drainage is provided. Partial shade is best. Plants do well in containers where winter temperatures go below 30f.

Aloe marlothii makes a bold statement in any garden. This South African native is a tree-like species with a dense, 5-6 foot clump of muted green leaves borne on a tall trunk eventually reaching a height of 12 feet tall by 6 feet wide. The thick, wide, fleshy leaves are edged with prominent reddish-brown teeth. As the plant ages, dried leaves persist on the trunk. These brown leaves offer protection from sunburn, but are sometimes removed for a neater appearance. In spring, an imposing three-foot-tall candelabra flower spike emerges, bearing long spikes of intense orange-red tubular flowers on branched stalks to 2' long. Aloe marlothii can be planted in full sun to part shade, but suffers in reflected heat exposures in the low deserts. Plant in well-drained soil, and provide monthly irrigations. Aloe marlothii is hardy to the 25° F, USDA zone 9.

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This Aloe is a medium-sized species with individual rosettes reaching about 2' tall and wide. Leaves are blue-green, fairly narrow, and lined with small thorns. Flower stalks are produced from late fall through the winter with individual flowers starting as red and fading to yellow as they open. Full sun, light shade in the low desert. Low water use. It needs more in winter while it is actively growing.

This is a medium-sized Aloe, growing to about 3-4' tall by 4-6' wide. Leaves are glaucous blue, and covered with irregular spines. Flowers are borne on large stalks in late fall and early winter. Flowers are red on the outside, and open to a cream color. Native to rocky slopes in South Africa. Full sun, drought tolerant.

Not well acclimated to Phoenix with intense heat and winter cold. It is slow forming a thick forked trunk with fans of gray leaves. Flowers are produced in winter and are scarlet.

Maiden's Quiver Tree A South African native aloe with a tree-like form growing 4’ tall and 5’ wide. The leaves are succulent and light gray-green. The yellow flowers occur on short, branched stalks in winter. This aloe is tolerant of full sun and considerable drought. It is an upright growing Aloe looking a lot like Aloe dichotoma except it stays much smaller and doesn't form a sizeable trunk. Foliage is narrow and either blue-green. This is a winter grower so keep slightly moist year-round.

Soap Aloe A rapid growing evergreen African native that forms short rosettes. The 8” long leaves are lance-shaped and green, turning reddish as the weather cools. The leaf tips are often brownish. The flowers are reddish-pinkish to orange and fairly showy occurring winter through summer on 3' tall candelabras. The individual flowers dangle giving it an exotic effect. This aloe produces numerous offsets, which can form dense colonies. If plants become unsightly the clumps may be thinned. This aloe is subject to aloe mites. The sap of this aloe may irritate some people.

This Aloe forms clumping rosettes, each reaching about 2' tall by 2-3' wide. Foliage is fleshy, blue-green, and covered with marginal spines. Flowers are yellow to red and produced in winter. Needs little water, only every other week through the summer. Afternoon shade is best. Native to rocky slopes from 1000 to 3000' in Sudan and surrounding Northwest Africa.

Tilt-head Aloe is one of the larger species, reaching up to 10' tall by 12' wide. Leaves are green to blue-green, large and often recurved. Flowers appear in winter, and are red on the outside and greenish-white inside. Winter grower, keep moist throughout the year. Full sun, needs light shade in low desert. Does best in a well-drained mix.

Aloe spectabilis is an arborescent species that can reach a mature size of about 12' tall by 4-6' wide. The leaves on this plant are light green to blue-green, with sizeable teeth along the margins. Yellow-orange flowers are produced in the winter. Plants are not reliably cold hardy below 30f, so containers might be the best choice for outside plantings. Full sun to light shade. Drought tolerant, prefers well-drained soil.

Coral Aloe More attractive than saponaria. Great flower display in late winter. A slow to moderate grower forms a large rosette. Fleshy leaves are pale gray and broad at the base. Leaves have fine longitudinal lines and also pink margins. Clusters of flowers are coral red to orange on 3' stalks. South African native. best with filtered sun. Frost tender but more cold hardy than saponaria.

Fynbos Aloe This plant is indigenous to the west cape region of South Africa. The common name is derived from the fact that this aloe is a primary component of the Fynbos floral kingdom found in this area. It forms clumping rosettes to 4’ tall. This aloe produces orange flowers on an un-branched stem in winter. In the low desert it prefers light shade, otherwise it will tolerate full sun and summer drought. Hardy to 30 ºF. USDA Zone 9.

This is a very striking Aloe, forming a trunk and growing to about 12' tall by 3-6' wide. Leaves are gray-green to blue-green, deeply guttered with small teeth. Coral flower stalks are produced in winter. Very endangered species from the island of Madagascar. Hardy in Phoenix, needs frost protection for temperatures below 30f. Full sun, light shade in the low desert. Low water use, drought tolerant.

This South African native can form large clumps, with individual rosettes reaching about 3-4' tall by up to 6' wide. Leaves are bright green and recurved, with a row of spines on either margin. Winter will give leaves a red to bronze tint. Flowers are produced in winter, with flower color ranging from yellow to pink to orange. Needs frost protection below 30f. Drought tolerant.

This species of Aloe is a trunk-forming, upright grower to about 20' tall by about 4-6' wide. Leaves are green to light green, broad, and lined with substantial marginal thorns. Red flowers are produced in summer. Plants are only hardy to about 32f, so can only be planted outdoors in climates free from frost. Will work well in a container. Drought tolerant, low water use. Full sun, light shade in low desert.

Partridge Breast Aloe Fleshy rosette of dark green mottled leaves to 12". Flowers on spikes above foliage are dark pink to red and can occur about any time. Full to part sun, good drainage. Fairly frost hardy.

Aloe wickensii is medium-sized, clump forming Aloe to about 3-4' tall and wide. Leaves are light green to blue-green, fairly narrow, and armed only with small thorns. Flowers in early winter with yellow, orange, or red blooms. Generally needs full sun, but light shade should be provided in the low desert. Drought tolerant.

Dwarf and clumping, 'Blue Elf' will grow to 18 inches tall by 2 feet wide. The narrow, silver-blue leaves provide incredible contrast for the spikes of orange-red flowers. In Phoenix, 'Blue Elf' blooms from January through April, attracting hummingbirds to the garden. 'Blue Elf' has tolerated full sun in Phoenix summers, with no signs of sunburn.

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Medium-sized aloe to about 3' tall and wide. Tends to clump, with new rosettes forming at the base of older plants. The leaves have small, dull teeth that line the leaf margins. Blooms orange-red from winter through spring. This has performed well in the low desert in Phoenix and can be quite drought tolerant. The early spring flowering is fairly showy.

SE Arizona and SW on slopes in woodlands on on grasslands 1100-5000'. Spreading shrub 6' x 8'. Many branches. Loose spikes of tiny white fragrant flowers. Deciduous. Full sun part shade. Soil tolerant even poorly drained. Good for informal hedge or screen. Combine with some green for winter. Fragrance more than makes up for scraggy appearance. Small and some large butterflies are drawn to nectar. Birds also feed on small seeds

Moderately fast growing large semi evergreen shrub. Slender gray branches. Undersides of leaves densely covered with hairs. Small white flowers in spikes are quite fragrant.

Lemon Verbena is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 15' tall by 20' wide bearing narrow leaves that are heavily scented of lemon. Short spikes of fragrant white flowers will appear in summer. This should be grown in the sun. There is average to little summer watering required by this plant.

Mounding perennial from 3-5' tall and wide. Blooms in winter with spikes of white flowers that resemble those of Buddleia davidii. Evergreen, but benefits from a few shearings throughout the year, especially after flowering. This Argentina native does well in full sun to partial shade, and is adaptable to many different soil types.

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Medium sized winter deciduous shrub to 6'. Native in arroyos, canyons & rocky slopes SW USA. Richly textured small green oval leaves. Fragrant tiny flowers at tips of branches spring to fall. This is a great honey plant and a handsome graceful shrub Needs little water once established.

Blue Hibiscus Australian native with very deeply cut evergreen leaves. Flowers are light purple, single and can occur at any time. There are different selections of other colors available. Not very well adapted to low desert. Hardy to about 23F but does not like heavy clay soils.

Canyon Ragweed A native of southern California and southern Arizona and well into Mexico, this member of the sunflower family is commonly found in washes and canyons below 4500 feet. Although not an overly attractive plant, it plays a vital role in erosion control. Giant bur-sage typically grows to a height of 4’ by 5’. The 5” long, lance shaped leaves have a broad base and saw-toothed margins. It is evergreen in mild areas, but will be damaged at temperatures below 30 ºF and will freeze to the ground below 25 ºF. The small insignificant flowers are greenish-yellow formed in terminal spikes from February to May. The fruit is cocklebur-like in appearance. Tolerates full sun, but requires regular watering during summer months to retain a tidy appearance.

Triangle Leaf Bur Sage This low desert dweller is native to southern Arizona and south into Sonora and Baja California, Mexico and is probably the most common understory plant in the lower deserts. Commonly found on flats and hillside at elevations of 1000 – 3000 feet, this plant often functions as a nurse plant to the seedlings of many native plants and is essential in most revegetation efforts.. The triangleleaf bur-sage is typically evergreen, creating a small rounded shrub to 1 ½ feet tall by 2 feet wide. The gray-green leaves are 1” long by ½” wide and roughly triangular in shape. The leaf margins are occasionally smooth but more commonly toothed. The flowers are insignificant, but are followed by small burs, which are covered with hooked spines that can be somewhat of a nuisance. A truly desert adapted plant, bur-sage is capable of surviving with minimal irrigation, although it will look better if provided periodic irrigation during the summer months. In most cultivated landscapes, this plant tends to be short-lived although it will reseed. As it is a cousin to the common ragweed, this plant may cause allergic reactions to some people.

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White Bur Sage This bur-sage is native to much of the southwest, occurring in southern Nevada and Utah, western Arizona and well into California. It is found on the benches and washes of these areas at elevations of 500 to 3500 feet. The small gray leaves are covered with short white hairs, which along with the whitish stems, provides the meaning of the common name. The insignificant flowers occur spring and fall producing abundant wind borne pollen, which can be quite irritating to allergy sufferers. The burs that are produced may become a nuisance to hikers and pets. Best grown in well-drained soil and full sun. It is considered quite drought tolerant once established. This plant contrasts well with a variety of shrubs in desert landscapes.

Lead Plant A drought tolerant shrub 5' x 5' with beautiful small soft gray leaves. Flowers are spikes of indigo with tiny yellow stamens in early summer in a 10" raceme May to August. Usually native on sandy soils. Thornless. All parts of the plant usually gray with short hairs.

Indigo Bush Deciduous shrub 4-8' with stalks of small purple flowers with gold stamens. Butterflies love it. Native in wet seepy areas so will need some extra moisture in dry areas. Many are undistinguished but some have large fat racemes of brownish hued purple flowers. Unarmed.

Large Flowered Blue Star This deciduous perennial is from southern Arizona, along canyons from 3900 to 4500 ft. This plant can reach about 3' tall and wide in a season. White flowers tinged with white and blue appear March through May. Full sun to afternoon shade, drought tolerant when established.

Mountain Torchwood A slender irregularly branched tree to 25' all parts of which are citrus scented. Leaves are pinnately compound 2-3" long. A rare tree with mottle light to dark gray bark.

Big Bluestem Early settlers christened this big grass Turkey Foot, for its distinctive three-pronged seed head. Big Bluestem is widespread throughout the U.S., Canada and Mexico and was a dominant grass in the prairies of the Midwest. This clumping grass provides a strong vertical form in the landscape, growing quickly to 6 to 8 feet tall by 3 to 4 feet wide. During the warm months, the ½-inch-wide leaves are a lush blue-green color, changing to a striking coppery-red color as the temperatures cool. Silvery seed heads add a final adornment in the fall months. Durable and long-lived, Big Bluestem is not fussy about soils, temperature extremes, or moisture. Since it can tolerate slightly waterlogged conditions, it would be ideal for retention basin plantings. Its large stature makes it an ideal background grass for meadow gardens.

Little Bluestem (Schizachrium scoparium) Widespread across North America, Little bluestem's range extends up to 10,000 foot elevations. Native stands of little bluestem show great variability in growth forms and appearance. Plants range in height from 2 to 4 feet tall, and foliage color varies from green to blue. Dormant foliage can also vary in color, from tan to rusty red. Blue-leafed plants are more likely to develop reddish winter color. Little bluestem tends to have a very upright form, and fine-textured foliage. The flower spikes are not particularly showy, but develop into seed heads that are striking when backlit by the sun. This clump grass is very adaptable, tolerating temperatures down to -30° F as well as hot summers, and thriving in alkaline or acid soils. However, it does not perform well in soils with excessive moisture or nutrients. Mix it into a meadow planting with wildflowers and grama grasses, or in other full sun exposures.

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Yerba Mansa An herbaceous perennial mostly native to the coastal salt marshes of California but also found in alkaline seeps and sinks of the Midwest and southwest. Typically grows to about 12 to 16” tall and as wide, spreading by runners. Yerba mansa prefers moist or aquatic soil, but can exist in other soils providing that ample irrigation is available. The cone-shaped bracts consisting of beautiful white flowers appear in spring and summer. The 6” large leathery leaves are patterned and mostly form a basal rosette. Other smaller leaves may appear on the flower stem. Yerba mansa will grow in sun or shade with moisture. Long considered a medicinal herb, this plant has been used by Native Americans and Spaniards for arthritis, sores and sinus problems.

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Pink Hummingbird Bush This plant is a native of west Texas and into Mexico, found on the slopes of arroyos and in the washes. A moderate to fast growing medium sized mostly evergreen shrub that may reach 6'. The light pink tubular flowers appear in late spring, and occasionally through the growing season. It is very attractive to hummingbirds This plant needs some pruning to maintain tidiness and may be cut to the ground periodically to rejuvenate growth.

This Anisacanthus is a medium-sized, deciduous shrub that grows 4 to 5 feet tall and wide, with a rounded to irregular shape. Its rich green leaves measure about 2 inches long by 1 inch wide. Bright red-orange flowers occur in terminal spikes on the main stems and short lateral stems. These spikes can reach 8 inches long. Individual flowers are nearly 2 inches long with a narrow tube and throat and spreading lobes. Flowers can appear as early as June and continue through summer and into fall, with the last flowers fading out in late October or November. The species is native to the rocky stream banks and plains of southwest Texas and into Mexico. A rapid to moderate growing plant depending on rainfall, this plant is considered quite drought tolerant, but will flower more heavily if provided summer irrigation. The flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. Mexican Fire™ is not particularly eye-catching in winter and is typically cut to the ground in later winter to encourage new spring growth and to control the size. This new form for 2003 has much a much greener appearance and redder flowers. It is an improvement over Mexican Flame™ and only available at Mountain States.

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This Anisacanthus is a medium-sized, deciduous shrub that grows 4 to 5 feet tall and wide, with a rounded to irregular shape. Its rich green leaves measure about 2 inches long by 1 inch wide. Bright red-orange flowers occur in terminal spikes on the main stems and short lateral stems. These spikes can reach 8 inches long. Individual flowers are nearly 2 inches long with a narrow tube and throat and spreading lobes. Flowers can appear as early as June and continue through summer and into fall, with the last flowers fading out in late October or November. The species is native to the rocky stream banks and plains of southwest Texas and into Mexico. A rapid to moderate growing plant depending on rainfall, this plant is considered quite drought tolerant, but will flower more heavily if provided summer irrigation. The flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. Mexican Flame™ is not particularly eye-catching in winter and is typically cut to the ground in later winter to encourage new spring growth and to control the size.

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Queen's Wreath, Coral Vine A fast growing herbaceous vine that may reach 30-40'. Native to Baja California and western Mexico, it is commonly found in arroyos and canyons. In frost-free areas it is evergreen, but will remain hardy in other locations. The leaves are heart shaped and about 4” in length. The flowers grow in clusters and are usually pink, however there are also red and white forms. This selection has pure white flowers. Queen’s wreath will flower from mid summer until frost and in frost-free areas flowering may continue year round. In colder areas, it may be cut to the ground in early spring. In extremely cold areas it might be advised to mulch the roots. In severe areas, it may take a while to regrow in spring.

Queen's Wreath Antigonon leptopus is a fast growing vine with stems reaching to 20 feet long. Its heart- shaped, lush green leaves can be as large as 4 inches long and 3 inches wide. The stems are herbaceous, dying back to a large, underground root in the winter; regrowing when the weather warms up enough in late spring. The stems climb by tendrils which wrap around many types of supports. Long sprays of white, pink, or red flowers appear on the species in the summer and fall. This selection has brilliant red flowers. Native to Baja California and western Mexico, it is commonly found in arroyos and canyons. In frost-free areas it is evergreen, but will remain hardy in other locations. Queen’s wreath will flower from mid summer until frost and in frost-free areas flowering may continue year round. In colder areas, it may be cut to the ground in late winter. In extremely cold areas it might be advised to mulch the roots. In severe areas it may take a while to regrow in spring.

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Hearts and Flowers An herbaceous perennial with fleshy heart-shaped leaves on succulent stems. A fast growing groundcover native to the eastern cape of South Africa. It has tiny solitary red flowers that appear among shiny bright green leaves. This plant is considered salt tolerant and is not fond of over watering. This plant is great in containers and hanging baskets or raised planters where one can take advantage of the trailing habit. It may be grown in full sun but will perform better in light shade in hot desert regions. Hearts of flowers may die back with heavy frosts. As a groundcover it will not tolerate foot traffic.

Rocky Mountain Columbine This Rocky Mountain native is the state flower of Colorado. It may grow 1 1/2 to 3' tall. The erect blue and white flowers are 2-3" across flowers with 2" long nectar bearing spurs. Flowering begins in the spring after snowmelt and continues into summer attracting hummingbirds and bees. The foliage is dainty and fern-like in appearance. This plant requires considerable irrigation and partial shade for desert regions.

Golden Columbine This perennial grows to 3 feet tall and 3 feet wide. Its foliage is divided, with a medium texture and rich green color. Golden yellow flowers appear in late spring, summer, and fall. Hummingbirds are attracted to the flowers, which have long slender spurs and are a good source of nectar. This plant is biennial, which means it blooms the second year of its life cycle. Golden Columbine is native along streams and canyons from 3,000-11,000 feet and grows in moist, rich soil from southern Colorado to New Mexico, Arizona and northern Mexico.
It is an extremely cold-hardy perennial but will also tolerate the low deserts if planted in shady locations and given supplemental irrigation. Clear yellow flowers up to 3 inches across, with long, nectar-bearing spurs, attract humans and hummingbirds alike. Depending on the temperatures of the planting site, Golden columbine will bloom from spring through early summer. In high deserts, Golden columbine can be used in full sun to part shade, and prefers rich, moist soil. After flowering, cut back old stems to initiate a second crop of flowers. If you'd like Golden columbine to self-sow in your garden, just let the seeds dry on the plant. Mother nature should take care of the rest.

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Longspur Columbine A native of southwest Texas, southern Arizona and northern Mexico, this species is similar in many respects to Aquilegia chrysantha, but possibly more drought tolerant. In addition it has longer flower spurs and blooms primarily in late summer and early fall.

Hercules's Club Occurs in moist soil at woods edge in Pineywoods forming thickets. Spiny trunk with few branches. Prickly leaves usually pinnately compound. White flowers July to August in umbrellas. Black fleshy berry is good for birds and wildlife. Also known at Shotbush or Toothache Tree

Norfolk Island Pine In its native habitat, this pine can reach heights of 80' tall or more, although here in cultivation they are used almost exclusively as container plants. This tree tends to grow as a single trunk specimen, unless topped to promote branching. The foliage is bright green and soft in youth. Can be planted outdoors only in areas free from frost.

Texas Madrone Native in West Texas into Mexico, this small tree often is multi trunked. White to pink Spring flowers yield fall fruit much like a raspberry. It is native on limestone soils which are moist but also well drained. The exfoliating bark is outstanding. It is very difficult to transplant and will take some time to recover. Even though native to an arid area, it needs some supplemental irrigation.

This clumping perennial grows to 1' tall by 3-4' wide, with gray green, partially divided leaves. Its flower color ranges from white to yellow, orange, pink, and rose red, and most have a dark center. It should be grown in sun with little or no summer watering. The African Daisy is damaged by frost below 25 degrees F.

Blooms are giant 4" white crinkled and appear all summer. Does not like to be transplanted. Plant will reach 2-3'.

Purple Three Awn The purple-tinted stems and flowers of Aristida purpurea attract attention during the warm months, especially where it grows abundantly along roadsides. Purple three awn has an erect growth habit, and forms a small clump to about 2 feet tall and wide. The fine-textured foliage can range in color from green to blue. In the fall, the three long awns attached to each seed glow in the sunlight. It can either be scattered among native shrubs and perennials, or planted in masses for maximum impact. Purple three awn has a wide distribution, growing at elevations from 1000 to 5000 feet in Arizona, Utah, Texas, New Mexico, and into the plains and northern Mexico. It thrives in sunny, dry locations, with minimal irrigation. Too much water or poor drainage will cause problems. Be warned that this little grass reseeds prolifically, and will migrate round the landscape. Its seeds have an annoying habit of clinging to socks, so keep plants away from traffic patterns. It is hardy to -10° F. USDA Zone 6.

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Sea Thrift This clumping, grass-like perennial is native to many areas, including coastal California. Its flowers range from deep rose pink through white.

Large Wormwood This is a fast growing shrub to 6' tall by 8' wide. Of Mediterranean origin, the soft silvery finely dissected foliage of this aromatic shrub is a good contrast to the dull yellow bland flowers produced in spring. Wormwood is tolerant of a wide range of climates and soil conditions, although it is a somewhat cold tender. As with most plants of the genus Artemisia, if they become woody and lanky they may be cut back hard to rejuvenate the growth of the attractive foliage.

Sand Sage Like ornamental grasses, sand sage provides softness and movement in the landscape. The fragrant, threadlike leaves and stems of this airy evergreen shrub are covered with white hairs, giving it a lovely silvery cast. The flowers are inconspicuous. Sand sage is fast growing, to about 3 feet tall and wide. Native to the western plains and much of the Southwest, sand sage grows in rocky or sandy soils, at elevations ranging from 1000 to 8000 feet. It is cold hardy to -15° F, and thrives in full sun and well-drained soils. In addition to making an attractive ornamental for high desert gardens, sand sage is useful in re-vegetation and erosion control projects.

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Fringed Sage Talk about a cold-hardy plant; Fringed sage is actually found in Siberia! It also grows across a wide region of the U.S., at 3000 to 11,000 foot elevations. Considering the tough conditions it tolerates, this little plant is surprisingly delicate in appearance. Fringed sage is a mat-forming perennial to 1 ½ feet tall and wide, with a basal clump of soft, aromatic, fine-textured silvery foliage. It blooms in the summer with foot-tall, slender spikes topped with many small, nodding yellow flower heads. Young plants are quite compact, but can become larger and rangy as they mature. Periodic pruning and shaping will maintain a nice compact form. Fringed sage probably would not be happy in low desert landscapes. For best results in high desert gardens, plant fringed sage in full sun, well-drained soil, and provide deep infrequent irrigation.

Prairie Sagebrush Although this plant grows to 3 feet tall, it behaves as a ground cover, spreading aggressively by underground stems. Prairie sage has pungent, attractive silver foliage, but its flowers are inconspicuous. In full sun it has a strong upright form, while shady conditions result in a more relaxed silhouette. Because of its assertive nature, prairie sage will crowd out most perennials. It needs to be planted where it can spread freely, or placed with woody shrubs and grasses. It is also an ideal understory plant for native trees. In cold climates prairie sage will go dormant, and should be cut to the ground in early spring. Another shearing in late summer will remove spent flowers and generate a flush of fresh foliage. Prairie sage works well in full sun or part shade, handles high or low amounts of irrigation, tolerates saline soils, and is useful in erosion control. This nifty little plant occurs from low deserts up to 8000-foot elevations throughout the Southwest and into Mexico.

Big sagebrush is a dense, semi-evergreen shrub that ranges in height from 2 to 8 feet, depending on the amount of animal grazing and available moisture. The hairy, silver-gray leaves are narrow and wedge-shaped, with 3 to 5 teeth at the tip. The new growth is most attractive, so for a more refined look, prune out old stems periodically. The clusters of tiny flowers are fairly inconspicuous. Use big sagebrush in full sun and well-drained soil, and be careful not to over water. USDA Zone 4.

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Perennial vine growing to 6' long with thin medium green leaves. Flowers are tubular, small, pink to purple spring to fall. Native from West Texas to Southern Arizona to 1500-6000'. Does prefer sandy soil but is soil tolerant with good drainage. Needs some supplemental irrigation.

White stem Milkweed This is a large milkweed, reaching up to 10' in height. The small greenish-white star-like flowers are produced in 2” clusters on the top of the plant from March through May. The leaves are hair-like, about 3” in length and produced 3 per node, but disappear soon after development Essentially this plant is nearly leafless throughout the year, making a very striking accent. A plant native to Southeast California, Southern Arizona, and Northern Mexico. As with most milkweeds it is a great butterfly attractor.

Pine leaf Milkweed This is a succulent-like shrub that can reach about 3' tall and wide. The foliage is narrow and pine-like, hence the common name. Clusters of white flowers are produced throughout the summer. Great attractant for butterflies, larvae use it for food. Although it requires little water once established, this milkweed needs supplemental summer watering to look best.

Desert Milkweed Don't be put off by the unflattering common name of this terrific plant. An abundance of 4-5 foot tall, upright stems often gives Asclepias subulata a stout, shrubby appearance. The gray-green stems are herbaceous and only slightly woody at the base. The plant can grow to 5 feet tall and spread to about 4 feet across. Small, short lived leaves appear on new growth but drop soon after. Unusual clusters of pleasing pale yellow flowers appear at the tips of branches intermittently from spring until fall attracting butterflies to the garden. Flowers are followed by pairs of ornamental, horn-shaped seed pods which measure about 3 inches long by 3/4 inch wide. At maturity the pods split to disperse fluffy seeds into the wind. Asclepias subulata can be found in dry washes and on rocky slopes and hillsides below 3,000 feet in southern Nevada, western Arizona, southeastern California and northwestern Mexico. Tuck desert milkweed in among boulders, interplant it with herbaceous shrubs and perennials, or grow it in a container. This clean plant is also ideal for use around swimming pools. Desert milkweed thrives in full sun and reflected heat, and needs good drainage.

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Butterfly Bush Monarch butterflies love this plant, and you will too! From spring through fall this perennial dazzles with umbrella-shaped clusters of bright orange-red, nectar-rich flowers. Native across much North America, this long-lived plant ranges up to 7000 feet in elevation, and is hardy to -30°F. Butterfly weed has a strong vertical form to 3 feet tall and wide, with simple narrow green leaves that are closely clustered on erect stems. It will freeze to the ground in cold areas, but will recover quickly in the spring from a thick root structure. Plant butterfly weed in full sun, well-drained soil, and provide supplemental irrigation. Two words of caution; the showy flowers are very attractive to bees as well as butterflies, and the plant is poisonous.

A fast evergreen groundcover that is excellent for use in hanging baskets. The formal looking fronds have an even, spiral arrangement of leaflets. It may be severely damaged by frosts. Although quite drought tolerant even in low desert, this plant looks best with at least occasional watering. Afternoon shade is preferred in the low desert. Removing older outside fronds can help keep tidy looking.

This compact form of the Sprengeri asparagus fern forms a very dense, compact clump of dark green fronds. In the low desert it should be grown in partial to full shade. An excellent plant for use in hanging baskets, in borders or as a groundcover.

A very unusual erect species of asparagus fern with silvery gray stems. The threadlike leaves are produced in rich tufts. This is a great plant for use in containers over a long period of time. The cut foliage is super for arrangements.

This vining plant is distinguished by its wispy foliage, climbing to 10' or more. It is an excellent plant for containers, hanging baskets or as a house plant. This asparagus fern should be grown in part to full shade, with average summer watering. This plant is considered an invasive species in the southern most parts of the country.

South African Bush Aster This is a shrubby perennial that can grow to about 3' tall by 3-5' wide. Foliage is blue-green and grass-like, narrow and wispy. Flowers ranging from blue to lavender or pink are produced through spring and summer. Plants are drought tolerant once established. Full sun is best, but will grow in partial shade.

Rodney's Aster This Texas and mid-western native perennial can grow to a mature size of about 4' tall by 3' wide. Lavender 2" flowers appear in mass from September through November. Will tolerate full sun to part shade, can grow in most any soil.

Athanasia is a shrubby perennial to about 3-5' tall and wide. Foliage is feathery and gray-green, and will stay evergreen in areas with little to no frost. Yellow, daisy-like flowers are produced spring through fall, sometimes longer in tropical climates. Needs regular water, about once a week through summer once established. Good plant for containers. Full sun, afternoon shade in the low desert.

Four-Wing Saltbush This prolific plant is native to most of the arid west. Its range spreads north into Canada and south to Mexico, and it is found from sea level to 8000 feet in elevation. Plants grown from seed collected in cold regions might be hardy to -30° F. This fast-growing and long-lived shrub has a naturally dense, rounded form, and ranges in size from 3-6 feet tall by 4-8 feet wide. Four wing saltbush is evergreen, with narrow gray-green leaves. Male and female flowers, both inconspicuous, are produced on different plants. After flowering, the female plants produce papery-thin, 4-winged fruit. These unique fruit are initially a wonderful chartreuse color, eventually drying to brown. The seeds are a favorite source of food for birds and small mammals. Four wing saltbush is very easy to grow, and is often one of the first plants to establish in disturbed areas. To reduce potential invasiveness, plant it on the perimeter of landscaped areas, where water is usually less abundant. This plant thrives in full sun in both high and low deserts. In addition to providing food and shelter for wildlife, Four wing saltbush is useful for erosion control. Of course, it is also extremely tolerant of saline soils. Native Americans brewed a tea from the foliage to treat nausea.

Desert Holly This Southern California to Arizona native has silvery holly-like leaves much as the common name implies. The striking evergreen foliage is very attractive for cutting. The leaves can take on a purplish cast as they mature. This low growing shrub is found in gravelly washes and alkaline flats below 2500' growing slowly to 2' x 3'. This is an extremely drought tolerant plant that needs good drainage and will survive on natural rainfall once established. It definitely prefers not to be over watered. The plants are separately sexed with rather inconspicuous flowers appearing from February through April.

Brewer's Saltbush This semi-deciduous shrub is similar to Atriplex lentiformis but it has no spines on its branches. It is also smaller, more compact and darker green with larger leaves and showier flowers. It is adaptable and tolerant to many areas and conditions. It is found in saline places in valley grasslands and coastal sage scrub of California. Brewer’s saltbush can be an excellent hedge or screen. It is tolerant of wind, sun, heat and alkaline soil. The mature size may reach 6 - 10' tall by 8 - 15', however it is slow to moderate in rate of growth.

Quail Bush This is a densely branched deciduous shrub that ranges from 3 to 9' tall by 6 to 12' wide. It is often found in dense stands with individual plants quite variable in shape. The brittle woody branch tips may be spiny. The l ½” long by 1” wide leaves are a dull gray-green color. The foliage is variable in shape from oblong to oval to deltoid. The plants are separately sexed with greenish flowers occurring from late winter through spring followed by small brownish, papery seeds produced in abundance on female plants. In cultivation one may wish to remove these seeds however they provide an excellent food source for wildlife, hence the common name. Also a beneficial plant that attracts butterflies and offers cover for many animals. It makes an excellent native screen. This saltbush is native to much of the southwest occurring on alkali flats mostly below 2000' in elevation. Extremely drought and alkaline tolerant, this plant is excellent for sites that have poor quality soil. Extremely drought tolerant this plant becomes chlorotic with too much water.

Old Man Saltbush An evergreen shrub from Australia that will eventually become a dense rounded shrub reaching 6 - 9' in height. The rounded, blue-green leaves are formed on narrow, vertical stems. An extremely tough plant, it is tolerant of drought and alkali as well as winter saturation. It has been introduced and naturalized in numerous areas of the world as a pioneer plant for extreme desert locations. Old man saltbush should be grown in sun to part shade, with little or no summer watering once established. The plants are separately sexed.

Desert Saltbush An erect, densely branched shrub native to much of the southwestern U.S. and well into Mexico. It is found on alkaline flats at elevations under 5000’. The foliage is comprised of ½” by ¼” silvery leaves. Plants mature to form large mounding shrubs 3’ tall by 6’ wide. Separately sexed plants have inconspicuous flowers from late winter throughout the summer. Male plants produce moderate amounts of pollen. The seed produced are a food source for birds. An extremely drought tolerant plant capable of surviving on minimal rainfall making it an excellent choice for revegetation projects in extremely alkaline or arid situations. Surprisingly, it will tolerate wet soils as well.

Desert Saltbush Growing to 6 - 12" tall and 6' across this evergreen Australian native has naturalized in central California. Australian saltbush has small silvery gray foliage. It will grow rapidly with additional water to form sparse, prostrate mats in saline soils. With moisture it will reseed and spread. The plants are separately sexed, with the female producing tiny, bright red fruits in fall and winter. Useful as a fire resistant erosion control and as a food source and cover for birds.